Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. Germany's largest wooded area,. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. The Volga River in Russia. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. MLS # 1863863 In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? 3. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Topography Facts - Earth Science. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. To contact our editors please use our contact form. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. Europes boundaries have been especially uncertain, and hence much debated, on the east, where the continent merges, without sundering physical boundaries, with parts of western Asia. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Holland is a nation of cyclists. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. Updates? France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. It is the smallest country both in size and population. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. The northern lowlands are areas of glacial deposition, and, accordingly, their surface is diversified by such features as the Valdai Hills of western Russia; by deposits of boulder clay, sands, and gravels; by glacial lakes; and by the Pripet Marshes, a large ill-drained area of Belarus and Ukraine. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. 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